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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Van Allen Probes</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left; empty-cells:collapse; max-width:400px; width:307px; padding:0.3em;" class="infobox toccolours float-right" cellspacing="0">
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="font-size: larger; text-align: center;">Van Allen Probes
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; padding:0px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<td style="">Land:
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<td style=""><span style="display:none">Vereinigte Staaten</span><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten"></a></span> <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">Vereinigte Staaten</a>
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<td style="">Betreiber:
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<td style=""><span style="display:none;">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>
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<td style=""><a href="COSPAR-Bezeichnung" title="COSPAR-Bezeichnung">COSPAR-ID</a>:
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<td style=""><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/spacer.php?id=2012-046A">2012-046A</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/magnustools/spacer.php?id=2012-046B">2012-046B</a>
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center">Missionsdaten
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<td style="">Masse:
</td>
<td style="">Sonde A: 648 kg<br>Sonde B: 667 kg
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<td style="">Start:
</td>
<td style="">30. August 2012, 08:05 <a href="UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>
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<td style="">Startplatz:
</td>
<td style=""><a href="Space_Launch_Complex_41" title="Space Launch Complex 41">Space Launch Complex 41</a>, Cape Canaveral
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<td style="">Trägerrakete:
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<td style=""><a href="Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V (401)</a>
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<td style="">Betriebsdauer:
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<td style="">7 Jahre
</td></tr>
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<td style="">Status:
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<td style="">abgeschaltet
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<th colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe8" align="center">Bahndaten
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<td style=""><a href="Bahnneigung" title="Bahnneigung">Bahnneigung</a>:
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<td style="">10°
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<p>Die <b>Van Allen Probes</b>, vormals <b>Radiation Belt Storm Probes</b> (<b>RBSP</b>, Strahlungsgürtel-Sturmsonden), sind zwei inaktive <a href="Raumsonde" title="Raumsonde">Raumsonden</a> der <a href="National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">NASA</a> zur Untersuchung des <a href="Van-Allen-G%C3%BCrtel" title="Van-Allen-Gürtel">Van-Allen-Strahlungsgürtels</a>, der die Erde umgibt. Die Mission gehörte zum NASA-Programm „Living With a Star“.<sup id="cite_ref-homepage_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-homepage-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Ergebnisse der Sonden sollten zum Verständnis der Umgebung und der Veränderlichkeit des Strahlungsgürtels beitragen. Dies ist für den Betrieb und den Entwurf von Weltraummissionen, die Missionsplanung und die Sicherheit der Raumfahrer sehr wichtig.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allgemeines">Allgemeines</h2></div>
<p>Das <a href="Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a> ist für das Programm Living With a Star verantwortlich, dessen Teil Van Allen Probes zusammen mit dem <a href="Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a> (SDO) waren. Das <a href="Applied_Physics_Laboratory" title="Applied Physics Laboratory">Applied Physics Laboratory</a> (APL) an der <a href="Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> trug die Verantwortung für die gesamte Implementierung und das Gerätemanagement. Die primäre Mission war für eine Dauer von 2 Jahren geplant, mit einer möglichen Verlängerung von bis zu 4 Jahren. Die Sonden sollten mit dem Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL) zusammenwirken, welches die Teilchen maß, die aus dem Strahlungsgürtel bis zur Erde gelangten.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meilensteine">Meilensteine</h2></div>
<ul><li>Fertigstellung des Konzepts der Mission, 30. Januar 2007<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Bestätigung des vorläufigen Entwurfs, Oktober 2008</li>
<li>Bestätigung des endgültigen Entwurfs, Januar 2009</li>
<li>Transport der Sonden vom APL in <a href="Laurel_(Maryland)" title="Laurel (Maryland)">Laurel</a>, <a href="Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> zur <a href="Cape_Canaveral_Air_Force_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Air Force Station">Cape Canaveral Air Force Station</a> in <a href="Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, 30. April 2012</li>
<li>Start der <a href="Atlas_V" title="Atlas V">Atlas V-401</a>-Trägerrakete am 30. August 2012 um 8:05 UTC vom <a href="Cape_Canaveral_AFS_Launch_Complex_41" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral AFS Launch Complex 41">Cape Canaveral AFS Launch Complex 41</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-launch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Umbenennung der <i>Radiation Belt Storm Probes</i> in <i>Van Allen Probes</i> am 9. November 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Missionsende der Sonde B am 19. Juli 2019<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Missionsende der Sonde A am 18. Oktober 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 669px;">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Test der Solarpaneele an der Van Allen Probe A</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Van Allen Probe A (oben) und B (unten) auf ihrem Adapter</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Start der Atlas V mit den Van Allen Probes an Bord</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Start">Start</h2></div>
<p>Am 16. März gab die <a href="United_Launch_Alliance" title="United Launch Alliance">United Launch Alliance</a> (ULA) bekannt, dass sie von der NASA den Auftrag zum Start der Van Allen Probes mit einer Atlas-V-401-Trägerrakete erhalten hat.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Der Start erfolgte am 30. August 2012 8:05 Uhr <a href="UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> innerhalb des vorgesehenen, 20-minütigen Startfensters.<sup id="cite_ref-launch_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ergebnisse">Ergebnisse</h2></div>
<p>Die Satelliten entdeckten, dass sich durch einen besonders kräftigen Sonnenwindstoß ein weiterer (dritter) Strahlungsgürtel um die Erde bilden kann.<sup id="cite_ref-SUW_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUW-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dieser bildet sich außerhalb des bisherigen äußeren Ringes. Der bisher äußere Ring wird dafür ein Speicher für hochenergetische Teilchen.<sup id="cite_ref-SUW_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUW-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Konfiguration ist dann stabil, bis ein weiterer Sonnenwindstoß die ursprüngliche Konfiguration wieder entstehen lässt. Ob das öfters passiert, ist noch unbekannt.<sup id="cite_ref-SUW_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SUW-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-spon_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spon-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Sonnenphysik" title="Sonnenphysik">Sonnenphysik</a></li>
<li><a href="Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">Solar and Heliospheric Observatory</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Van_Allen_Probes?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Van Allen Probes</a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/rbsp/mission/index.html">Van Allen Probes - Missionsübersicht</a> (englisch)</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasatech.net/ntRBSP_PAGE.html">Hi-res spherical panoramas in the clean room before encapsulation for launch</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/677837main_rbsp_pk_final81712_lores.pdf">NASA Radiation Belt Storm Probes Press Kit August 2012</a> (PDF; 873 kB)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quellen">Quellen</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-homepage-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-homepage_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/rbsp/mission/index.html"><i>Van Allen Probes - Mission Overview.</i></a> NASA, 28. März 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 8. Juli 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=Van+Allen+Probes+-+Mission+Overview&rft.description=Van+Allen+Probes+-+Mission+Overview&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Frbsp%2Fmission%2Findex.html&rft.publisher=NASA&rft.date=2012-03-28"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}
/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120502123014/http://www.nasa.gov/offices/ipce/ipao/home/rbsp_highlight.html">Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 2. Mai 2012 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Karen C. Fox: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/sunearth/news/barrel-antarctica.html"><i>Launching Balloons in Antarctica.</i></a> NASA, 22. Februar 2011,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 13. Juli 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=Launching+Balloons+in+Antarctica&rft.description=Launching+Balloons+in+Antarctica&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Fsunearth%2Fnews%2Fbarrel-antarctica.html&rft.creator=Karen+C.+Fox&rft.publisher=NASA&rft.date=2011-02-22"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~barrel/">Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120724194220/http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/newscenter/intheloop/2010_01.php"><i>Construction Begins!</i></a> The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Januar 2010, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</style><span class="dewiki-iconexternal"><a class="external text" href="https://redirecter.toolforge.org/?url=http%3A%2F%2Frbsp.jhuapl.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fintheloop%2F2010_01.php">Original</a></span> am <span style="white-space:nowrap;">24. Juli 2012</span><span>;</span><span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30. August 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=Construction+Begins%21&rft.description=Construction+Begins%21&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.is%2F20120724194220%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Frbsp.jhuapl.edu%2Fnewscenter%2Fintheloop%2F2010_01.php&rft.publisher=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Applied+Physics+Laboratory&rft.date=2010-01&rft.source=http://rbsp.jhuapl.edu/newscenter/intheloop/2010_01.php"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-launch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-launch_6-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-launch_6-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/rbsp/launch/index.html"><i>RBSP Launch.</i></a> NASA,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30. August 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=RBSP+Launch&rft.description=RBSP+Launch&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fmission_pages%2Frbsp%2Flaunch%2Findex.html&rft.publisher=NASA"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2012/nov/HQ_12-392_RBSP_Renamed.html">NASA Renames Radiation Belt Mission to Honor Pioneering Scientist</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2019/first-of-two-van-allen-probes-spacecraft-ceases-operations">First of Two Van Allen Probes Spacecraft Ceases Operations</a>.</i> NASA, 23. Juli 2019.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/10/20/nasas-resilient-van-allen-probes-shut-down/">NASA’s resilient Van Allen Probes shut down</a>.</i> Spaceflight Now, 20. Oktober 2019.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ulalaunch.com/about/news-detail/2009/03/16/united-launch-alliance-atlas-v-awarded-four-nasa-rocket-launch-missions"><i>United Launch Alliance Atlas V Awarded Four NASA Rocket Launch Missions.</i></a> ULA, 16. März 2009,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30. August 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=United+Launch+Alliance+Atlas+V+Awarded+Four+NASA+Rocket+Launch+Missions&rft.description=United+Launch+Alliance+Atlas+V+Awarded+Four+NASA+Rocket+Launch+Missions&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulalaunch.com%2Fabout%2Fnews-detail%2F2009%2F03%2F16%2Funited-launch-alliance-atlas-v-awarded-four-nasa-rocket-launch-missions&rft.publisher=ULA&rft.date=2009-03-16"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceflightnow.com/atlas/av032/120501rbsparrival/"><i>Radiation Belt Storm Probes arrive at Florida launch site.</i></a> Spaceflight Now, 2. Mai 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 30. August 2012</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=Radiation+Belt+Storm+Probes+arrive+at+Florida+launch+site&rft.description=Radiation+Belt+Storm+Probes+arrive+at+Florida+launch+site&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spaceflightnow.com%2Fatlas%2Fav032%2F120501rbsparrival%2F&rft.publisher=Spaceflight+Now&rft.date=2012-05-02"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-SUW-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SUW_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SUW_12-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SUW_12-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Tilmann Althaus: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sterne-und-weltraum.de/alias/irdische-magnetosphaere/manchmal-hat-das-erdmagnetfeld-drei-strahlungsguertel/1185489"><i>Irdische Magnetosphäre, Manchmal hat das Erdmagnetfeld drei Strahlungsgürtel</i></a>, in Sterne-und-Weltraum.de, 28. Februar 2013, abgerufen am 3. März 2012</span>
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<li id="cite_note-spon-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-spon_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/van-allen-guertel-nasa-sonde-findet-strahlungsguertel-um-die-erde-a-886215.html"><i>Van-Allen-Probes-Mission: Nasa-Sonden finden Strahlungsgürtel der Erde.</i></a> Spiegel Online, 1. März 2013,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 3. März 2013</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AVan+Allen+Probes&rft.title=Van-Allen-Probes-Mission%3A+Nasa-Sonden+finden+Strahlungsg%C3%BCrtel+der+Erde&rft.description=Van-Allen-Probes-Mission%3A+Nasa-Sonden+finden+Strahlungsg%C3%BCrtel+der+Erde&rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Fwissenschaft%2Fweltall%2Fvan-allen-guertel-nasa-sonde-findet-strahlungsguertel-um-die-erde-a-886215.html&rft.publisher=Spiegel+Online&rft.date=2013-03-01"> </span></span>
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